Yorkist malcontents had strength in the north of England and in Ireland and had a powerful ally in Richard IIIs sister Margaret, dowager duchess of Burgundy. However, such a level of paranoia persisted that anyone (John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln, for example)[27] with blood ties to the Plantagenets was suspected of coveting the throne. Henry VII ruled as Machiavelli, just after his reign, was to advise usurpers to do through fear rather than love. Wolf Hall this is not. His spies and informers were everywhere. Anyone perceived to have any potential political power or social capital was rendered deeply indebted to the crown and at risk of complete financial ruin upon the whim of the king and his councillors. Scapegoats were needed for Henry VIIs reign, people to blame for the old regime, so Edmund Dudley was imprisoned and executed on trumped up charges. Happy St Davids Day! Henry attained the throne when his forces defeated King Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field, the culmination of the Wars of the Roses. During his 23-year reign, Henry had only two Lord High Treasurers, and this continuity helped provide stability. Soon after his fathers burial on 10 May, Henry suddenly declared that he would indeed marry Catherine, leaving unresolved several issues concerning the papal dispensation and a missing part of the marriage portion. [citation needed], In 1506, Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller Emery d'Amboise asked Henry VII to become the protector and patron of the Order, as he had an interest in the crusade. He was the first monarch of the House of Tudor.[a]. A man who rewrote history and rebuilt the crown, but who was paranoid, manipulative and suspicious; a dark prince with a wintery reign. The expressive and evocative power of his writing, and the union of scholarship with artistry, are rare in modern historical writing. The significant role played by bitcoin for businesses! Overall, this was a successful area of policy for Henry, both in terms of efficiency and as a method of reducing the corruption endemic within the nobility of the Middle Ages. Backdating Henry's Reign. If you missed the programme then here is the YouTube video for you enjoy! Penn then went on to talk about the heir to the throne, the young Prince Henry, who seemed very different to the King. Why was Henry VII called the Winter King? [76] He was succeeded by his second son, Henry VIII (reigned 150947), who would initiate the Protestant Reformation in England. When the Lancastrian cause crashed to disaster at the Battle of Tewkesbury (May 1471), Jasper took the boy out of the country and sought refuge in the duchy of Brittany. He led attempted invasions of Ireland in 1491 and England in 1495, and persuaded James IV of Scotland to invade England in 1496. Files Welcome Pack of 5 goodies, 28 January 1457 Birth of Henry VII at Pembroke Castle, 30 October 1485 Coronation of Henry VII, Henry VIIIs Enforcer: The Rise and Fall of Thomas Cromwell A Review and Rundown, Henry VII: Winter King A Review and Rundown, 31 May 1533 The Coronation Procession of Queen Anne Boleyn, Why I think Henry VIII was ultimately responsible for Anne Boleyns downfall, 4 March 1522 Anne Boleyn plays Perseverance, The Boleyns of Hever Castle now 99p on Kindle on Amazon UK, YouTube Live 4 March 2023 The Fascinating Background of Henry VIII. Stanley placed Richards circlet on Henrys head, he was now King. Henry VII was king of England from 1485 to 1509. Updates? The author does a good job drawing on his sources and bringing the characters to life while staying true to the history, but the subject matter is just not inherently as sexy as Henry VIIIs or Elizabeth Is reigns. [25][80], Historians have always compared Henry VII with his continental contemporaries, especially Louis XI of France and Ferdinand II of Aragon. Lincoln was killed in battle and Henry was victorious. Edmund was created Earl of Richmond in 1452, and "formally declared legitimate by Parliament". Luther made a protest against the Catholic practice of Indulgences. [11] When Edward IV became King in 1461, Jasper Tudor went into exile abroad. But now, sensitivity readers are pushing back . We know that Henry attended the wedding celebrations of Arthur and his bride . The fact that a Cockney could provide a recognisable representation of him gives away part of his enduring appeal; in national memory, Henry was one of the lads, the only English king to have. Interesting look at the founder of the Tudor dynesty. His regime was magnificent, yet terrifying and oppressive. All the information is from Thomas Penn. Consultant editor for the. [citation needed], During his lifetime the nobility often criticised Henry VII for re-centralizing power in London, and later the 16th-century historian Francis Bacon was ruthlessly critical of the methods by which he enforced tax law, but it is equally true that Henry VII was diligent about keeping detailed records of his personal finances, down to the last halfpenny;[71] these and one account book detailing the expenses of his queen survive in the British National Archives, as do accounts of courtiers and many of the king's own letters. Who could have expected that he would rule for 24 years, die in his bed, bequeath the first orderly succession to the throne for nearly a century, and found a famous dynasty? Penn pointed out that for over half a century no king had passed on the crown without turmoil and Henry knew that what had happened to Richard could happen to him. His legacy was his son, Henry VIII, lucky old England Penn commented. For Henry VII, it was all about the money and stability. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Well written and really interesting about an often ignored king. People saw him as being like a traditional king and hoped that his reign would bring positive change. Corrections? [75], Henry VII died of tuberculosis at Richmond Palace on 21 April 1509 and was buried in the chapel he commissioned in Westminster Abbey next to his wife, Elizabeth. Henry VII shut himself away in Richmond Palace from January 1509 and at 11pm on Saturday 21st April 1509 he died. Henry restored power and stability to the English monarchy following the civil war. Henry VII was king of England from 1485 to 1509. The father's government was an exercise in discoloration. He married his brother's widow, Catherine of Aragon. Through this, he found that his Lord Chamberlain, Sir William Stanley, was involved in the plot. He was the last king of England to win his throne on the field of battle. Henry VII. The Winter King HD - YouTube Henry Tudors claim to the throne was, therefore, weak and of no importance until the deaths in 1471 of Henry VIs only son, Edward, of his own two remaining kinsmen of the Beaufort line, and of Henry VI himself, which suddenly made Henry Tudor the sole surviving male with any ancestral claim to the house of Lancaster. Henry VII can look a dull king, so dull that Thomas Penn's title omits his name. 1517. Hed achieved the impossible, hed risen from refugee to King of England. Fittingly he dressed in expensive black. After his victory at Bosworth Field, Henry married Edward IVs daughter Elizabeth of York. Henry VIII | Biography, Wives, Religion, Death, & Facts What did the people of England think of Henry VIII? - eNotes.com Henry VII's reign has yielded an evocative study, Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning, ILLUSTRATION: CLIFFORD HARPER/AGRAPHIA.CO.UK. Henry VII was born on 28 January 1457 at Pembroke Castle, in the English-speaking portion of Pembrokeshire known as Little England beyond Wales. I've never read much on the reign of Henry VII - mostly because to really get to grips with his policies, you first have to get to grips with his exhaustively complicated financial policies - but Penn provides a wonderful accessibility through his writing, which provides valuable context to the man who founded England's most famous dynasty. [15], By 1483, Henry's mother was actively promoting him as an alternative to Richard III, despite her being married to Lord Stanley, a Yorkist. [citation needed], To secure his hold on the throne, Henry declared himself king by right of conquest retroactively from 21 August 1485, the day before Bosworth Field. Having established his claim to be king in his own right, he married Elizabeth of York on January 18, 1486. All the powers of Europe doubted Henrys ability to survive, and most were willing to shelter claimants against him. He cemented his claim by marrying Elizabeth of York, daughter of King Edward IV. According to John M. Currin, the treaty redefined Anglo-Breton relations. It's difficult to get a handle on Henry VII. Having seen it pop up in a lot of papers' Books of the Year lists, I think I was expecting something altogether more gripping and dramatic, but in the end I thought the story of Henry VII and the Tudor succession was just not an especially thrilling tale. In 1621 Francis Bacon's history of the reign called Henry "a dark prince, and infinitely suspicious". A fresh look at the endlessly fascinating Tudorsthe dramatic and overlooked story of Henry VII and his founding of the Tudor Dynastyfilled with spies, plots, counterplots, and an uneasy royal succession to Henry VIII. He was the first monarch of the House of Tudor. Henry had only been accepted as King because the Princes in the Tower, the sons of Edward IV, were dead, so when Yorkist exiles groomed Perkin Warbeck to pose as one of the princes and raised an army it was a huge threat. Henry VIII had become heir to the throne when his elder brother, Arthur, died in 1502. 4. It was really very well researched and painstakingly written. 1845. But that's not really what I wanted from a book about Henry VII. It was not until 1506, when he imprisoned Suffolk in the Tower of London, that Henry could at last feel safe. Henry was building a myth, the idea that he and his family were the true royal blood of England. The dispute eventually paid off for Henry. Today is Shrove Tuesday time for pancakes! The 17 year-old Prince Henry became King Henry VIII and started a different era. For instance, the Stanley family had control of Lancashire and Cheshire, upholding the peace on the condition that they stayed within the law. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. When Henry VIII and Francis I Spent $19 Million on the Field of Cloth Henry started a new policy to recover Guyenne and other lost Plantagenet claims in France. To unite the opponents of Richard III, Henry had promised to marry Elizabeth of York, eldest daughter of Edward IV; and the coalition of Yorkists and Lancastrians continued, helped by French support, since Richard III talked of invading France. Thank you for subscribing. Quite ambitious in nature, Thomas Penn attempts to write a portrait of Henry VII and his reign. A King from upstart usurper to renaissance monarch to Machiavellian schemer. Henry, recognizing that Simnel had been a mere dupe, employed him in the royal kitchens. Please check your email to confirm your subscription. The Great Debasement - Wikipedia No. For other uses, see, Henry holding a rose and wearing the collar of the, Law enforcement and justices of the peace, the 1486 rebellion of the Stafford brothers, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Cultural depictions of Henry VII of England, "Tudor Pembroke | Ymddiriedolaeth Harri Tudur | Henry Tudor Trust", "BBC Wales History Themes Pembroke The Main Street", "Westminster Abbey website: Coronations, Henry VII and Elizabeth of York", "Calendar of State Papers, Spain: Supplement To Volumes 1 and 2, Queen Katherine; Intended Marriage of King Henry VII To Queen Juana", "Domestic and foreign policy of Henry VII", "Queen Margaret's Arch | York Civic Trust", "Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond", The Reign of Henry VII. This book is a nonfiction look at King Henry the VII. If he trusted anyone, it would be his queen and why not, since both had so much in common both being familiar with being in sanctuary, and pawns in the game of power? The future Henry VIII, in contrast,. (ROYAL HISTORY) Directors Stuart Elliott Genres Documentary, International Subtitles English [CC] Audio languages English. For many he remained a usurper, a false king. At Rennes Cathedral on Christmas Day 1483, Henry pledged to marry Elizabeth of York, the eldest daughter of Edward IV. 7.1 59min 2013 16+. Both were survivors and as united in death as in life, as their tomb in Westminster Abbey illustrates. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Both parties realised they were mutually disadvantaged by the reduction in commerce. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Henry VII: The Winter King - Amazon Prime Video Henry VII, also called (145785) Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond, (born January 28, 1457, Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Walesdied April 21, 1509, Richmond, Surrey, England), king of England (14851509), who succeeded in ending the Wars of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York and founded the Tudor dynasty. In the late 20th century a model of European state formation was prominent in which Henry less resembles Louis and Ferdinand. I'm beginning to wonder if all of the kings beginning with the conquest weren't a little off their rocker in some way. What old December's bareness every where! of course, a large proportion of my opinion is probably due to the fact that i knew a lot about henry vii already, and Penn tried to create quite a thrilling/mysterious feel, which is all well and good if you don't already know how everything plays out. Why was Henry VII called the "Winter King"? - Quora The Treaty of Redon was signed in February 1489 between Henry and representatives of Brittany. On the other side of the coin, instead of the cross, was a Tudor rose and the arms of England. I found this really interesting, but Im a history nut. Indeed he was born in winter, on January 28th 1457, in Pembroke Castle, in Wales and that is one of the reasons why the Welsh dragon always formed part of his insignia. Elizabeth of York (11 February 1466 11 February 1503) was Queen of England from her marriage to King Henry VII on 18 January 1486 until her death. (HIST003) Persecutions, Populations and Politics: Early Modern Britain 1550-1750, (HIST004) Country, Colonies and Culture: Early Modern Britain 1550-1750, (HIST006) The Stuart Court: History Politics and Culture, (HIST010) The Tudors: History, Culture and Religion, (HIST011) The English Country House: History, Architecture and Landscape, (HIST018) The Changing English Countryside, 20th Century Musicals: A Celebration of Song and Dance on the Silver Screen and the Stage. Henrys Chamber Accounts show payment to strangers and people across the sea, who appear to have been part of a network of spies and informers who kept an eye on potential troublemakers and alerted the King. Henry VII The Winter King is also the title of a book by Thomas Penn, and a useful read. Henry spared Richard's nephew and designated heir, John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln, and made the Yorkist heiress Margaret Plantagenet Countess of Salisbury suo jure. Henry VIII, (born June 28, 1491, Greenwich, near London, Englanddied January 28, 1547, London), king of England (1509-47) who presided over the beginnings of the English Renaissance and the English Reformation. For many he remained a usurper, a false king. Penn showed a genealogical roll that had belonged to the de la Pole family which showed Henry VI being the end of the Lancastrian line and the Yorkist line continuing on to Richard III. While most of us are familiar with Henry VIII and Elizabeth I and we probably have a sense of the Wars of the Roses in England, but how many of us are familiar with Henry VII. I'm not giving this a star rating because I suspect it's me at fault not the book. In 1621 Francis Bacon's history of. It was 1501. France, Burgundy, the Holy Roman Empire, Spain and the Hanseatic League all rejected the treaty, which was never in force. Henry Tudor, named after his father, Henry VII, was born by Elizabeth of York June 28, 1491 in Greenwich Palace. From 1527 Henry pursued what became known as "the King's great matter": his divorce from Catherine. this was well-written and i love henry vii for how he managed to a) get the throne of england and b) keep it and make the crown so solvent after the devastating years of the Wars of the Roses, but i can't help but think that a lot of this was rather dry. Shakespeare, drawn to the colour on either side of the reign, skipped it. Watch for $0.00 with Prime. Author Thomas Penn takes an extraordinary journey into the dark and chilling world of the first Tudor King, Henry VII. In my never-ending quest to read possibly every single published book on the Tudor monarchy, I spied this little gem a few weeks ago and picked it up. There's a (relatively) brief explanation of Henry's rather tumultuous childhood and his rise to the throne, before Penn really gets into the nitty gritty details during the second half of Henry's reign, focusing on his intricate foreign policy, his increasing use of finance as a means of control over his subjects and, most entertaining to me, the various plots and conspiracies of Henry's enemies. Henry decided to keep Brittany out of French hands, signed an alliance with Spain to that end, and sent 6,000 troops to France. The marriage did not take place during his lifetime. This was accomplished through the targeted imposition of fines and bonds through extrajudicial councils. He was a ruler to be feared, a ruler to be paid. On one side of the coin, instead of a profile of his face, there was a full length depiction of Henry sat on his throne with his crown and sceptre. BBC - History - Henry VIII: Majesty with Menace In 1494, Henry embargoed trade (mainly in wool) with the Burgundian Netherlands in retaliation for Margaret of Burgundy's support for Perkin Warbeck. Next month find out more on someone known as The Winter Queen! ||sitemap_index.xml However, this treaty came at a price, as Henry mounted a minor invasion of Brittany in November 1492. [51], Henry VII was one of the first European monarchs to recognise the importance of the newly united Spanish kingdom; he concluded the Treaty of Medina del Campo, by which his son Arthur, Prince of Wales, was married to Catherine of Aragon. [46] In 1506 he resumed the construction of King's College Chapel, Cambridge, started under Henry VI, guaranteeing finances which would continue even after his death. I would read more by this author. When Henry VII called his first parliament he used it as an opportunity to legitimise his reign. It was propaganda to spread the message that he was the rightful King. [49] The confused, fractious nature of Breton politics undermined his efforts, which finally failed after three sizeable expeditions, at a cost of 24,000. Here was a young man who enjoyed jousting, who enjoyed chatting with the other knights in the tiltyard and with people of low degree. Anne Boleyn | Biography, Children, Portrait, Death, & Facts - Britannica [33], In 1490, a young Fleming, Perkin Warbeck, appeared and claimed to be Richard of Shrewsbury, the younger of the "Princes in the Tower". In other cases, he brought his over-powerful subjects to heel by decree. King Henry the VII and King Henry the VIII both feared being invaded by foreign countries. Winter King: Henry VII and the Dawn of Tudor England - Goodreads After obtaining the dispensation, Henry had second thoughts about the marriage of his son and Catherine. Swynford was Gaunt's mistress for about 25 years. The marriage between Arthur, Prince of Wales, and Catherine of Aragon would be the culmination of everything that Henry VII had fought for at the Battle of Bosworth, so in 1501 there was a fortnight of marriage celebrations and London was in a carnival mood. [citation needed], By 1509, justices of the peace were key enforcers of law and order for Henry VII. Having secured financial backing from Florentine bankers in London, Cabot was granted carefully phrased letters patent from Henry in March 1496, permitting him to embark on an exploratory voyage westerly. Henry VIII - Loss of popularity | Britannica - Encyclopedia Britannica The whole system was ingeniously designed to ensure the unchallenged supremacy of the king while stamping out any challenges to his authority from the nobles, merchants, and commons. By the way, dont forget that Ian Mortimers Time Travellers Guide to Elizabethan England is on tonight on BBC2 at 9pm. Henry had only been accepted as King because the Princes in the Tower, the sons of Edward IV, were dead, so when Yorkist exiles groomed Perkin Warbeck to pose as one of the princes and raised an army it was a huge threat. During Henry's early years, his uncle Henry VI was fighting against Edward IV, a member of the Yorkist Plantagenet branch. To be notified of special offers, news, new courses, and new tutors, please subscribe to our newsletter. [74] Margaret Tudor wrote letters to her father declaring her homesickness, but Henry could do nothing but mourn the loss of his family and honour the terms of the peace treaty he had agreed to with the King of Scotland. [35] In 1499, Henry had the Earl of Warwick executed. England had been ravaged for decades by conspiracy, violence, murders, coups and countercoups. After his death, a commission found widespread abuses in the tax collection process. [38], Unlike his predecessors, Henry VII came to the throne without personal experience in estate management or financial administration. Henry's mother, Margaret Beaufort, was a descendant of the Lancastrian branch of the House of Plantagenet. 1) The number of books on Henry VII can basically be counted on one hand 2) This is Penns first book. He attained the throne when his forces, supported by France, Scotland, and Wales, defeated Edward IV's brother Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field, the culmination of the Wars of the Roses. [40], Henry VII improved tax collection in the realm by introducing ruthlessly efficient mechanisms of taxation. He rewrote history by backdating his reign to 21st August 1485, the day before the Battle of Bosworth Field. It is not known precisely where Cabot landed, but he was eventually rewarded with a pension from the king; it is presumed that Cabot perished at sea after a later unsuccessful expedition. His first chance came in 1483 when his aid was sought to rally Lancastrians in support of the rebellion of Henry Stafford, duke of Buckingham, but that revolt was defeated before Henry could land in England.