In the 12th century Elam struck the final blow at Kassite power in Babylonia, already weakened by local insurrection. First Century Israel Map - They had encountered many different kingdoms and tribes before they reached their destination. Their empire, which lasted from the 20th to the seventh centuries B.C., was centered on the cities of Assur, Nineveh and Arbela in what is now northern Iraq. However, I dont think that Ahmose IIs stele tells the story. The Middle Babylonian / Kassite Period (ca. 1595-1155 B.C.) in Kassites are recorded in Nuzi during the 15th century BCE (see Brinkman, 1976-80, pp. Babylonia was divided into two kingdoms, that of the Kassites in the north and the Sealand in the south, including Uruk, Ur, and Larsa. 137 f.), namely, that Kassite is related to Elamite, is unlikely. 04 Mar 2023. The Monumental Fall of Babylon: What Really Shattered the Empire Learn facts that you cant learn just from reading the Bible How does violence against the family pet affect the family? Adding the years given by the King List to that date would place the beginning of the dynasty in the 18th century BCE, when rulers of the Hammurabi dynasty controlled Babylon. And when you look up to the sky and see the sun, the moon and the starsall the heavenly arraydo not be enticed into bowing down to them and worshiping things the LORD your God has apportioned to all the nations under heaven. 1, 2006, pp. The Kassite kings were called, by themselves and their colleagues in other Near Eastern states, kings of the land of Kar(an)dunia, the latter being a term for Babylonia that may have been Kassite in origin (del Monte and Tischler, 1978, pp. They gained control of Babylonia after the Hittite sack of Babylon in 1531 BC, and established a dynasty generally assumed to have been based first in that city, after a hiatus. and debt slaves, thereby containing internal inequalities of wealth and legal status (slave-free continuum: see Brinkman, 1982). 251-54. Some lexicographers associate the "land of Cush" of Genesis 2:13 with the Kassites (Akkadian, kassu ), a people of the plateau of central Asia mentioned in ancient cuneiform inscriptions but whose history remains quite obscure. Most cultic offices and lower administrative ranks were almost exclusively in the hands of Babylonians (Akkadians). 14151155 BCE." KASSITES, a people who probably originated in the Zagros and who ruled Babylonia in the 16th-12th centuries BCE. Then all the Midianites and the Amalekites and the children of the east were gathered together, and went over, and pitched in the valley of Jezreel. The Kassites first appeared during the reign of Samsu-iluna (1749-1712 BC), son of Hammurabi of the First Babylonian Dynasty and after being defeated by Babylon, moved to control the city-state of Mari. Unlike conquerors who preceded them, the Kassites do not seem to have been considered a foreign and intrusive element by the Babylonians in the post-Kassite period and later. Goblets and wavy sided bowls are commonly found in Kassite pottery deposits. v. 15:7). Cushan-Rishathaim is mentioned in Judges 3:8 and God had used this ruler to punish his people for eight years before he releases them from his rule. J. Oelsner, Landvergabe im kassitischen Babylonien, in M. A. Dandamayev, I. Gershevitch, H. Klengel, G. Komorczy, M. T. Larsen, and J. N. Postgate, eds., Societies and Languages in the Ancient Near East: Studies in Honour of I.M. Sassmannshausen, 1999, p. 413, n. 22). Following this event, his grandfather Aur-uballi invaded Babylonia to place Kurigalzu II (1327-03 BCE) on the throne. (2015). All the mayors have Babylonian names. Sassmannshausen (2001, p. 137) infers that they were subjected to Kassite inspectors. Updates? Balkan, 1954, pp. Babylonian wealth and influence at this time is reflected in the use of the cuneiform script and the Babylonian language as the main form of diplomatic communication. Kassite rulers built temples to Babylonian deities. Their Akkadian name Ka originates from a Kassite form *G/Kal- (cf. There is very little evidence for serious political problems before the thirteenth century BC when Assyria to the north and Elam to the east began to threaten Babylonia, and eventually brought an end to Kassite control. "Now a river flowed out of Eden to water the garden; and from there it divided and became four rivers. The first-millennium Babylonian King Lists assign the Kassite dynasty the longest rule of all the other dynasties who ruled Babylonia: 36 kings who ruled for 576 years and nine months. Kassite deities were the pantheon of the Kassites ( Akkadian: Ka, from Kassite Galzu [1] ), a group inhabiting parts of modern Iraq (mostly historical Babylonia and the Nuzi area), as well as Iran and Syria, in the second and first millennia BCE. The Kassites ( / ksats /) were people of the ancient Near East, who controlled Babylonia after the fall of the Old Babylonian Empire c. 1595 BC and until c. 1155 BC ( middle chronology ). of M. Salvini, The Habiru Prism of King Tunip-Teup of Tikunani, Documenta Asiana: Collana di Studi sullAnatolia e lAsia Anteriore antica diretta da Mirjo Salvini 3, Rome, 1996, Archiv fr Orientforschung 46/47, 1999-2000, pp. 160 f.; also > Kunu-; cf. It does not store any personal data. 58 f., 65 f.; cf. The Kassites took refuge in the mountains but were brought down and resettled, in standard Assyrian practice, in Hardispi and Bit Kubatti, which were made part of the Arrapha district. Iraq Museum, Terracotta plaque of a seated goddess, from Southern Mesopotamia, Iraq. Kassite Dynasty (List of Kings) Gandash, 16 years Agum I (s), 22 years Their direct or indirect ties to the Middle Euphrates region enhanced their communication with the Hittites who controlled parts of northern Syria, so they might have been instrumental in enabling the temporary conquest of Babylon by the Hittite king Telipinu, who put an end to Hammurabis dynasty in 1595 BCE and eventually gave way for the Kassite rule in Babylonia. 354 f.). 257 ff. Ancient Orient Museum, Kudurru mentioning the name of the Kassite king Kurigalzu II, from Nippur, Iraq, Ancient Orient Museum, Babylonian cuneiform tablet with a map from Nippur, Kassite period, 1550-1450 BCE, Winged centaur hunting animals. There are fewer female functionaries and professionals. Provincial Administration in Babylonia under the Second Dynasty of Isin. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, vol. Mu-s-Sa Dates in the Kassite Period. Die Welt Des Orients, vol. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Kassite period. A 300-year Middle Eastern Dark lasted from 1157 to 883 B.C. Where Archaeology Meets The Bible: Kassite Peri Where Archaeology Meets The Bible: Middle Babylonian Period [1000 - 625 BCE] | Dust Off The Bible. Amazing Bible Timeline with World History, http://www.thenagain.info/WebChron/MiddleEast/Kassites.html, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassites#Kassite_Dynasty_of_Babylo, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kassite_Babylonia_EN.svg. Mesopotamian History and More could be said about archaeology and the conquest of Canaan but for the sake of this post I will not include everything. 2, 1986, pp. ; Nashef, 1982, pp. Five prominent individuals and several places in Inner Media had Kassite names. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Around 1500 BC. ). Idem, Foreign Relations of Babylonia from 1600 to 625 B.C. The Kassites: The History and Legacy of the Ancient - Amazon At the Crossroads of Civilizations in the Syro-Mesopotamian Realm, Proceedings of the 42th RAI [1995], Leuven, 1999, pp. Ahmose ruled in the 6th century BCE. 6969, Albrecht Goetze, "The Kassites and Near Eastern Chronology,", This page was last edited on 5 February 2023, at 22:04. Given that their existence was before Joshua and the Canaan conquest, it is difficult to label these rebels as Hebrews specifically from Egypt. They acted along with palatial and temple ones (see Edens, 1994, pp. The documents reveal a centralized administration under the governor of Nippur and its province. 17385, Schneider, Bernhard. World History Encyclopedia is a non-profit organization. . Babylonia under the Sealand and Kassite Dynasties, edited by Susanne Paulus and Tim Clayden, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2020, pp. 88 f.). Reallexikon der Assyriologie und vorderasiatischen Archologie, Daniel A. Nevez, 'Provincial administration at Kassite Nippur', Military history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia and Persia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kassites&oldid=1137673460, States and territories established in the 16th century BC, States and territories disestablished in the 12th century BC, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Son of Burnaburiash I, Grandson of Agum-Kakrime, Possible campaigns against "The Sealand" and "in Dilmun". 20, 2010, pp. This proves that the early Kassite state was able to assign large resources for huge projects. However, P. Huber (1999-2000) rejects the astronomical evidence adduced by Gurzadyan (in Gasche et al., 1998, pp. It is likely that the already troublesome environment of the land assisted the Israelites in their task of taking over the land. On the other hand, they are not underrepresented in the ration lists, which points to their presence in the lower echelons of the society. It's . The Kassites: The History and Legacy of the Ancient Civilization that Ruled the Babylonian Empire after Hammurabi and the First Babylonian Dynasty eBook : Charles River Editors: Amazon.co.uk: Kindle Store This capital, which was located in the far north of Babylonia, included a big palace and a temple with a high tower of the ziggurat type. Like the Sumeriancs, no one knows for sure where they came from. Its end is dated to 1150 BCE. Zeitschrift fr Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archologie, 105(2), 255-257. 2005. The Incredible Bible - First in the BKA Series. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 24 f., 33 f., 38 f., 45, 54, 57, 66 f., 68 ff., 82 ff., 92 ff.). Many of the kings were popular rulers who became allies with other city-states within the region. Archaeologists divide it into three periods, Early Kassite (pre c. 1415 BC), Middle Kassite (c 1415 BC - 1225 BC), and Late Kassite (c. 1225 BC - 1155 BC). By the 14th century BCE, the Kassites controlled the whole of Babylonia, including the Diyala region. 1150-985 BCE), viz., the second dynasty of Isin, the second dynasty of the Sealand, and the Bazi dynasty, had Akkadian, Kassite, and hybrid (Akkadian-Kassite) names. 31217, Levine, Louis D. "Geographical Studies in the Neo-Assyrian ZagrosI." The landed property was only partially in the hands of Kassites. J. Eidem, The Shemshra Tablets 2: The Administrative Texts, the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters, Historisk-filosofiske Skrifter 15, Copenhagen, 1982. The Worst Televangelist Product Scams Of All Time. Kassite | people | Britannica Related Content Just Genesis : Who Were the Kushites? - Blogger [7], Documentation of the Kassite period depends heavily on the scattered and disarticulated tablets from Nippur, where thousands of tablets and fragments have been excavated. The texts from the Kassite Period (1600-1160 BCE) start to overlap with the biblical texts of the Old Testament because at this point most nations already had developed a written language and new technologies allowed for communications to now be written down and passed along to others. "The Bronze Age Shipwreck at Ulu Burun: 1986 Campaign." When did the kassite exist? - Sempoa.jodymaroni.com The Sealand, which was ruled by another dynasty perhaps since the demise of Babylons rule in the south, was incorporated into Babylonia in ca. Thus Rameses means to come from Ra and Mosa would be incomplete, and as it says in Exodus he was drawn from the water. Wikimedia Idem, The Ethno-Linguistic Character of Northwestern Iran and Kurdistan in the Neo-Assyrian Period, Tel Aviv, 2002. Just Genesis : Who Were the Horite Hebrew? - Blogger Volume 1 Kardunia. The first Jewish king, King Saul, defeated the Ammonites and made them his servants. The Kassites - Bible History The Kassites You are here: Home Ancient Babylonia Old Babylonian Period (2000 - 1595 BC) The Kassites Just exactly who The Kassites were, and anything about their origins and history, is very obscure. After the invasion of Tukulti-Ninurta I the Kassite rulers of Babylonia bore a mixture of Akkadian and Kassite names. This time period is the same time period we read about in Joshua and Judges (though, some scholars disagree on the exodus timing). XVI, Fasc. 233-42. Unique Circular Format see more in less space. World History Foundation is a non-profit organization registered in Canada. [15][16] Kudurrus, stone stele used to record land grants and related documents provide another source for Kassite history. Scholars today are still debating the historical identity of the Cushites. J. Fincke, Die Orts- und Gewssernamen der Nuzi-Texte, Rpertoire Gographique des Textes Cuniformes 10, Wiesbaden, 1993. Krishna was at once a Kurus, an Abhira, and a Yadava. Very little is known of their language because of the lack of texts (only a few incomplete sentences have survived). Kings with Kassite names appeared on the middle Euphrates during the 17th century BCE. 287-90. 2, 1971, Ferrara, A. J. The Kassite termini surviving in Akkadian are mainly from the realms of horse breeding and chariot building. The Kassites produced a substantial amount of pottery. The Canaan has been plundered into every sort of woe: The Absurd History Of Papal Edicts Concerning Jews, How Well Do You Know Your Bible? [2] There are records of Kassite and Babylonian interactions, in the context of military employment, during the reigns of Babylonian kings Samsu-iluna (1686 to 1648 BC), Ab-euh, and Amm-ditna. Phone Toll Free: 877-966-7300 or 816-584-3077, [This article continues after a message from the authors], These Articles are Written by the Publishers of, Amazing Bible Timeline with World History 2023. I cannot say that I am convinced by it but there are some real pieces of evidence to support it. Tukulti-Ninurta of Assyria conquered Babylon in 1225 B.C., but the Kassites survived Assyrian pressure until twelfth-century wars with Elam finally resulted in the end of their suzerainty. (Gen. 3:15) It is from the Horite priesthood that the priesthood of Israel developed. Babylon - World History Encyclopedia Abraham was born in 1912bce, or 1948 from Adam, when Noah was 58 years old His son Shem was Malchitzedek, and Shems daughter was Tamar who became the mother Judahs twin sons (Peretz and Zarach). According to history, what we do know is that they first appeared as a military force in the time of Samsuiluna (1749-1712 BC), Hammurapi's successor, but that is all we know about them until the time that they established a dynasty in Babylonia, around 1595 BC. Babylonia and Assyria - Kids | Britannica Kids | Homework Help 59, no. H. H. Paper, rev. [30] That ruler initiated significant building efforts in Ur and other southern Mesopotamia cities. Their Akkadian name Ka originates from a Kassite form *G/Kal- (cf. Roman Empire Map - Numerous educational institutions recommend us, including Oxford University. ; Pientka, 1998, pp. In the 207th letter Ipte praises Baal of the sun, for delivering him in battle against the Apiru. This article is available in print.Vol. W. Eilers, rev. 351-58. A Kassite Cylinder Seal from the Arabian Gulf. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, no. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. "Kassite" redirects here. The only Kassite deities who had temples in Kassite Babylonia were the patron deities of the royal family, uqamuna and umaliya. 263 f. with lit.). Running a website with millions of readers every month is expensive. The Biblical Garden of Eden Moses' Kushite Wife Was Zipporah the Midianite - TheTorah.com The Kassites strove to be integrated in the culture of the conquered land. While the term Kushite is generally understood as meaning black African, several places in the Bible refer to other locations as Kush, including Midian, the home of Moses' wife Zipporah. R. Zadok, The Origin of the Name Shinar, ZA 74, 1984, pp. Idem, Forced laborers in the Middle Babylonian period, Journal of Cuneiform Studies 32, 1980, pp. Your email address will not be published. The Babylonian Empire under the Kassites, c. 13th century BC. Required fields are marked *. Third Interim Report, 1944-5," Iraq, VIII, 1946, von Saldern, Axel. 6, no. The private sector, i.e., free families and clans living in urban and rural settlements and represented in community assemblies, included private artisans. https://www.worldhistory.org/kassite/. Ramose was her father. 163-69). They include administrative and legal texts, letters, seal inscriptions, private votive inscriptions, and even a literary text (usually identified as a fragment of a historical epic). 147, Lambert, W. G. The Warwick Kudurru. Syria, vol. Balkan, 1954, pp. Mesopotamian Timeline - Umb.edu [26] A.. "The Names of the Last Eight Kings of the Kassite Dynasty" Zeitschrift fr Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archologie, vol. Selves Engraved on Stone: Seals and Identity in the Ancient Near East, ca. 329 f.): ERN u-q-mu-[na(? Their capital city was Dur-Kurigalzu. 6, no. Large Map of the Roman Empire in the Early First Century - Click around on the Places. 229-244, Brinkman, J. These are caretakers of the people and the closest they have to political leaders. 1 The Assyrian Empire. [13] In total, about 12,000 Kassite period documents have been recovered, of which only around 10% have been published. R. Pientka, Die Sptaltbabylonische Zeit: Abieu bis Samsuditana: Quellen, Jahresdaten, Geschichte, 1, 2, Imgula 2, Mnster, 1998. 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